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Current Bancroftian Filariasis Elimination on Thailand-Myanmar Border: Public Health Challenges toward Postgenomic MDA Evaluation
Adisak Bhumiratana,Apiradee Intarapuk,Surachart Koyadun,Pannamas Maneekan,Prapa Sorosjinda-Nunthawarasilp
ISRN Tropical Medicine , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/857935
Abstract: From regional and global perspectives, Thailand has progressed toward lymphatic filariasis transmission-free zone in almost entire endemic provinces, being verified by WHO by the end of 2012 after the 5-year implementation of mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole as part of the National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PELF) (2002–2006) and a 4-year expansion of post-MDA surveillance (2007–2010). However, Thai PELF has been challenging sensitive situations of not only border crossings of local people on Thailand-Myanmar border where focal distribution of forest- and forest fringe-related border bancroftian filariasis (BBF) is caused by nocturnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti in local people living in pockets of endemic villages, but also intense cross-border migrations of Mon and Tanintharyi workers from Myanmar to Thailand who harbor nocturnally periodic W. bancrofti microfilaremic infection causing the emergence of imported bancroftian filariasis (IBF). Thus, this paper discusses the apparent issues and problems pertaining to epidemiological surveillance and postgenomic MDA evaluation for 2010–2020 convalescent BBF and IBF. In particular, the population migration linked to fitness of benzimidazole-resistant W. bancrofti population is a topic of interest in this region whether the resistance is associated with pressure of the MDA 2 drugs and the vulnerabilities epidemiologically observed in complex BBF or IBF settings. 1. Global and Regional Perspectives on Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Life-threatening lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease caused by two main filarial nematodes: Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, and to a very lesser extent by Brugia timori. The disease affects about 1.3 billion people in 81 countries and territories in Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Americas; of these, estimated 120 million people are infected (Figure 1) [1]. It is estimated that about 600 million people live in endemic countries in South and East Asia (SEA) region accounting for 60% of global figure. Approximately, 60 million SEA people harboring microfilaremic infections account for a half of globally active LF burden [2]. The infection with either of these parasites in an endemic population can be eliminated as the result of large-scale control, that is, reducing the infection prevalence to the level below transmission threshold or to be considered as no longer public health problem. Thus, this potentially eradicable disease has been addressed as public health problem worldwide as the
Observation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removals and Accumulations in Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SFCW)
Suntud Sirianuntapiboon,Prapa Sohsalam
EnvironmentAsia , 2012,
Abstract: The tropical emergent plant species; Cyperus involucratus, Canna siamensis, Heliconia sp., Hymenocallis littoralis, Typha augustifolia and Thalia dealbata were used to observe nutrients (total phosphorus: TP and total nitrogen: TN) removal efficiencies of surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW). The system was operated at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1, 3 and 5 days and the average atmospheric temperature of 29.1 ± 4.9oC. The seafood industrial wastewater was employed as the influent. The high biomass production plant species; Cyperus involucratus, Typha augustifolia and Thalia dealbata could generate the high oxidative environment. Amount of N and P accumulations in plant tissue were increased with the increase of plant biomass production. The system did not show any significantly different on N and P accumulations among the tested-emergent plant species. But the amount of accumulated-N and P were increased with the increase of HRT. N accumulations in plant tissue, effluent, sediment and media of the system with the tested-emergent plant species under HRT of 1-5 days were in the range of 2.17-43.80%, 7.91-27.75%, 19.62-36.86% and 14.39-31.88%, respectively. Also, P accumulations were 0.79-17.01%, 20.35-28.37%, 40.96-56.27% and 9.09-20.47%, respectively.
Effect of Spacing on Growth, Biomass Yield and Quality of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) for Renewable Energy in Thailand  [PDF]
Songyos Chotchutima, Kunn Kangvansaichol, Sayan Tudsri, Prapa Sripichitt
Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems (JSBS) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2013.31006
Abstract:

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of spacing on the growth, biomass production and wood quality of leucaena in order to be used as a fuel crop. Leucaena was grown in a field experiment at the Suwanvajokkasikit Research Station, Pak Chong,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailandin 2006-2010. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The treatment consisted of six spacings (1 × 0.25, 1 × 0.5, 1 × 1, 1 × 1.5, 2 × 0.5 and 2 × 1 m). The results showed that spacing had a significant effect on plant height, diameter at breast height, the number of coppice stumps and biomass yield. Wider spacings resulted in greater plant height. The widest spacing (2 × 1 m) exhibited the higher stem diameter and sprout number than the narrow spacing. The narrowest spacing of 1 × 0.25 m spacing produced the highest total dry weight of leaf, woody stem and biomass yield. The spacing did not have an influence on the heating value and the content of H, N, S, Mg, Cl and ash. However, some of the chemical compositions show significant different with different spacings such as C, O, P, K and Ca content.

Biomass Yield, Chemical Composition and Potential Ethanol Yields of 8 Cultivars of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) Harvested 3-Monthly in Central Thailand  [PDF]
Kannika Rengsirikul, Yasuyuki Ishii, Kunn Kangvansaichol, Prapa Sripichitt, Vittaya Punsuvon, Pilanee Vaithanomsat, Ganda Nakamanee, Sayan Tudsri
Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems (JSBS) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2013.32015
Abstract:

Eight cultivars of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.), namely Dwarf, Muaklek, Bana, Taiwan A148, Common, Wruk wona, Tifton and Kampheng San, were grown in central Thailand in 2008-2009 and biomass yield, chemical composition and theoretical ethanol yield were measured. Harvests were made every 3 months. Biomass yield and cell wall compositions differed significantly (P < 0.05) among cultivars. Tifton produced the highest annual biomass yield at 58.3 t/ha followed by Wruk wona (52.1 t/ha), while the lowest yield of 27.1 t/ha was in Dwarf. Biomass yield varied with season with highest yields in May and lowest in February during the dry season. Cell wall concentrations were higher in the tall cultivars than in the short ones (Dwarf and Muaklek) (P < 0.05). Theoretical ethanol conversion efficiency ranged from 350 to 460 L/t DM among the cultivars following pretreatment with steam explosion. While a number of cultivars showed significant potential for use as biofuels in central Thailand, Tifton seemed to be the most promising.

A Fortuitous Syncope. The pitfalls of Integrated Bipolar Defibrillator Leads
Tushar V Salukhe,Ian Wright,Matthew Wright,Prapa Kanagaratnam
Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal , 2008,
Abstract: Myopotential oversensing in implantable defibrillators causing inhibition of pacing and inappropriate therapies is well described. Current literature is dominated by reports of diaphragmatic muscle as the source of such far-field oversensing. Those reporting pectoral muscle sources were invariably due to unipolar sensing circuits, incorrect DF-1 connections or inappropriate programming. We report an interesting case of pectoral muscle myopotential oversensing causing inhibition of bradycardia pacing leading to presyncope and syncope.
STRESS IN WORKERS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE STRUCTURES
Faki M.,Gouva M.,Papathanasiou I.,Prapa P.M.
Interscientific Health Care , 2009,
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative absence of inquiring data internationally, with regard to the relation of woman, family and work as important sources of stress, in the professional team of district nurses, gave the spark for the planning of present study. AIM: We have conducted a study to identify levels of stress, job satisfaction, and effects of the job to the family life and reversely, among district nurses (nurses and nurse assistants)working in primary health care settings in central Greece (Thessaly). METHODS: Data were obtained regarding altogether 92 nurses by means of self-administered questionnaires using identical methods and items, with response rate 100%. RESULTS: District nurses believe in the necessity of high educational sufficiency for the achievement of professional evolution, present high levels of satisfaction from the object and their place of work. They reported high levels of stress that exceed the corresponding levels in the Greek population. Nurses appear to be more satisfied from work than nurse assistants. The implications of the findings for further research are considered.
Socio-economic status of individuals attend a Sleep Laboratory
Prapa P.M.,Nikolopoulos I.,Faki M.,Kostikas K.
Interscientific Health Care , 2010,
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether is an association between socioeconomic status, occupation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS). Material & Method: A study was conducted in sleep disorders laboratory in Athens. A sable of 366 subjects was screened for OSAHS and the presence was defined after polysomnographic by apnea- hypopnea index (AHI). A questionnaire has been used for demographics and social characteristics (i.e. marital status, income, education, occupation). Results: The study population consisted of 270 males and 96 women with mean age 57.2±12.3 years and mean BMI 36.6±7.7Kg/m2. Of those, 335 subjects (91.5%) were diagnosed as having OSAHS. The influence of age, body mass index (BMI) and social characteristics was examined by multinomial logistic regression analysis. The following factors remained independent risk factors for the presence of OSAHS:1. Gender: males (OR= 8,73, 95% CI:2.98-25.60, p<0.001) compared to females.2. Obesity: BMI (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.27, p<0.001).3. Occupational status: Machine Operatives (OR=14.62, 95% CI: 1.49-143.41, p=0.021) and Elementary Occupations (OR=7.36, 95% CI: 1.96-27.63, p=0.003) compared to professional occupations.Conclusions: In this study factors associated with the presence of OSAHS include gender (men), obesity (BMI) and occupation status.
与大豆田间老化抗性连锁的分子标记的发掘及辅助选择应用研究
叶昌荣,Prapa Sripichitt,Vipa Hongtrakul,Sunanta Juntakool,Arom Sripichitt and Shu Fukai
大豆科学 , 2007, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2007.06.004
Abstract: 大豆种子成熟至收获期间如遇高温高湿天气，种子活力及活性会急剧下降，这就是所谓的田间老化(fieldweathering)。田间老化是热带、亚热带地区大豆生产的主要限制因素之一。本研究旨在寻找与田间老化性状相连锁的DNA标记并将其应用于辅助选择育种。为此，利用修改的培养箱老化法和人工控制老化法对大豆品种Chiangmai60(敏感),GC10981(抵抗)及其F2群体（139个体）进行了鉴定。在两种处理条件下，F2代群体的种子发芽率及活性均为正态分布，说明大豆种子田间老化抗性受多个基因控制。根据F2代个体的种子发芽率及活性，6个高抗个体及7个高感个体的DNA分别被混合为抗性池和感性池，并利用AFLP标记进行了混合群体分析(BulkSegregantAnalysis)。从扩增的2162个标记中，发现了5个可能于大豆种子田间抗性相连锁的片段。通过DNA克隆和测序，设计了5对引物用于从大豆总DNA中扩增相应的片段。其中3对引物扩增的片段差异太小或未能扩增正确大小的片段，没能用于F2群体。引物Eaag/Mcac-233和Eact/Mctt-157能扩增出差异明显的多态性，通过对F2代群体的分析，这2个标记属同一连锁群，遗传距离为25.8cM。QTL分析结果显示有一个QTL位于这两个标记之间，距Eaag/Mcac-233约14cM，可以解释29.7％的变异。用这两对引物对整个F2群体进行筛选，20个个体属于抗性群体，结合抗性鉴定的结果，7个个体被用于与Chiangmai60进行回交。18个BC1F1个体(41.9%)的抗性高于其亲本的平均值。说明这些标记进行可以被用于大豆田间老化抗性的辅助筛选研究。
Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma; when, how, why?
Christina Vourlakou,Christos Charitos,Efstathia Prapa,Michalis Argiriou,Nikolaos G. Baikoussis,Orestis Argiriou,Panagiotis Dedeilias
- , 2016, DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.173040
Abstract: We would like to present an interesting case operated on in our department and discuss the international bibliography about this issue. We also present some interesting images of this case. Our material is composed from a 68-year-old woman treated by the authors. She presented with a small murmur in the auscultation while she was asymptomatic and then she diagnosed with a tumor on of the left coronary cusp of the aortic valve with the characteristics of papillary fibroelastoma. On the basis of the potential embolic risk either of the mass itself or of associated thrombus and the possibility of further enlargement, the patient although asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis was referred for elective surgical excision of the mass. She underwent on median sternotomy and through extracorporeal circulation the mass has been excised with the preservation of the well-functioning valve. Through this case, we would like to discuss the bibliography for the decision making in these cases. Hence, the aim of our study is that we have to keep in mind that this kind of friable mass may be the cause of embolism, stroke or coronary artery occlusion and must be excided in a conservative setting, sparing the aortic valve
Cor triatriatum presenting as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a case report
John Kokotsakis, Vania Anagnostakou, George Almpanis, Ioannis Paralikas, Ioannis Nenekidis, Theodoros Kratimenos, Efi Prapa, Nikolitsa Tragotsalou, Achilleas Lioulias, Andreas Mazarakis
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-83
Abstract: Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital cardiac malformation with an estimated incidence of 0,1% of all congenital heart disease and it usually refers to the left atrium (cor triatriatum sinister). In cor triatriatum sinister the left atrium is divided by a fibromuscular membrane into two distinct chambers: a posterior - superior chamber receiving the four pulmonary veins and an anterior - inferior chamber ( true left atrium ) that connects to the left ventricle by means of the mitral valve [1]. In the majority of cases it is diagnosed in neonatal period or early infancy, whereas adult cases are very rare. We report an unusual case of cor triatriatum in a 33 - year old woman presented with congestive heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction.A 33 - year old woman presented to our cardiology service with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Her medical history was unremarkable, however a year ago and soon after her third child delivery, she had been admitted in another hospital for acute pulmonary oedema after labor. Cor triatriatum with obstructive behavior causing pulmonary hypertension had bee diagnosed, while the left ventricle was structurally and functionally intact. The patient at that time denied surgey and had been discharged on medical therapy. At present admission the patient presented with NYHA functional class III, symptoms of heart failure and palpittions as a result of persistent atrial flutter. On physical examination a loud pulmonary component of the 2nd heart sound and a diastolic murmur was heard in the mitral area. Signs of right-sided heart failure were absent.A transthoracic echocardiography revealed a moderately dilated left ventricle (LV), globally hypokinetic, with severely impaired systolic function (EF estimated ≥30%). Left atrium (LA) was dilated, with a mobile, membrane-like echogenic structure into it.Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) documented a fibromuscular membrane across the LA, dividing it into two c
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